Time

• Overview
• Installation
• How to use
  • Instant
  • Duration
  • Period
  • DayOfWeek
  • TimeOfDay
  • Timezone
  • Timezones
• License
• Contributing

Overview

Value Objects representing time in an immutable and strict way, focused on safe parsing, formatting, normalization and temporal arithmetic.

Installation

composer require tiny-blocks/time

How to use

The library provides immutable Value Objects for representing points in time, quantities of time and time intervals. All instants are normalized to UTC internally.

Instant

An Instant represents a single point on the timeline, always stored in UTC with microsecond precision.

Creating from the current moment

Captures the current moment with microsecond precision, normalized to UTC.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::now();

$instant->toIso8601();            # 2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00
$instant->toUnixSeconds();        # 1771324200
$instant->toDateTimeImmutable();  # DateTimeImmutable (UTC, with microseconds)

Creating from a string

Parses a date-time string with an explicit UTC offset. The value is normalized to UTC regardless of the original offset.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T13:30:00-03:00');

$instant->toIso8601();     # 2026-02-17T16:30:00+00:00
$instant->toUnixSeconds(); # 1771345800

Creating from a database timestamp

Parses a database date-time string as UTC, with or without microsecond precision (e.g. MySQL DATETIME or DATETIME(6)).

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17 08:27:21.106011');

$instant->toIso8601();                                    # 2026-02-17T08:27:21+00:00
$instant->toDateTimeImmutable()->format('Y-m-d H:i:s.u'); # 2026-02-17 08:27:21.106011

Also supports timestamps without fractional seconds:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17 08:27:21');

$instant->toIso8601(); # 2026-02-17T08:27:21+00:00

Creating from Unix seconds

Creates an Instant from a Unix timestamp in seconds.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::fromUnixSeconds(seconds: 0);

$instant->toIso8601();     # 1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00
$instant->toUnixSeconds(); # 0

Adding and subtracting time

Returns a new Instant shifted forward or backward by a Duration.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00');

$instant->plus(duration: Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 30))->toIso8601();  # 2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00
$instant->plus(duration: Duration::fromHours(hours: 2))->toIso8601();       # 2026-02-17T12:00:00+00:00
$instant->minus(duration: Duration::fromSeconds(seconds: 60))->toIso8601(); # 2026-02-17T09:59:00+00:00

Measuring distance between instants

Returns the absolute Duration between two Instant objects.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$start = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00');
$end = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T11:30:00+00:00');

$duration = $start->durationUntil(other: $end);

$duration->toSeconds(); # 5400
$duration->toMinutes(); # 90
$duration->toHours();   # 1

The result is always non-negative regardless of direction:

$end->durationUntil(other: $start)->toSeconds(); # 5400

Comparing instants

Provides strict temporal ordering between two Instant instances.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$earlier = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00');
$later = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00');

$earlier->isBefore(other: $later);         # true
$earlier->isAfter(other: $later);          # false
$earlier->isBeforeOrEqual(other: $later);  # true
$earlier->isAfterOrEqual(other: $later);   # false
$later->isAfter(other: $earlier);          # true
$later->isAfterOrEqual(other: $earlier);   # true

Duration

A Duration represents an immutable, unsigned quantity of time measured in seconds. It has no reference point on the timeline — it expresses only "how much" time.

Creating durations

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$zero    = Duration::zero();
$seconds = Duration::fromSeconds(seconds: 90);
$minutes = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 30);
$hours   = Duration::fromHours(hours: 2);
$days    = Duration::fromDays(days: 7);

All factories reject negative values:

Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: -5); # throws InvalidSeconds

Arithmetic

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$thirtyMinutes = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 30);
$fifteenMinutes = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 15);

$thirtyMinutes->plus(other: $fifteenMinutes)->toSeconds();  # 2700 (45 minutes)
$thirtyMinutes->minus(other: $fifteenMinutes)->toSeconds(); # 900 (15 minutes)

Subtraction that would produce a negative result throws an exception:

$fifteenMinutes->minus(other: $thirtyMinutes); # throws InvalidSeconds

Division

Returns the number of times one Duration fits wholly into another. The result is truncated toward zero:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$total = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 90);
$slot = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 30);

$total->divide(other: $slot); # 3

Division by a zero Duration throws an exception:

$total->divide(other: Duration::zero()); # throws InvalidSeconds

Comparing durations

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$short = Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 15);
$long = Duration::fromHours(hours: 2);

$short->isLessThan(other: $long);    # true
$long->isGreaterThan(other: $short); # true
$short->isZero();                    # false
Duration::zero()->isZero();          # true

Converting to other units

Conversions truncate toward zero when the duration is not an exact multiple:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;

$duration = Duration::fromSeconds(seconds: 5400);

$duration->toSeconds(); # 5400
$duration->toMinutes(); # 90
$duration->toHours();   # 1
$duration->toDays();    # 0

Period

A Period represents a half-open time interval [from, to) between two UTC instants. The start is inclusive and the end is exclusive.

Creating from two instants

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Period;

$period = Period::from(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00'),
    to: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T11:00:00+00:00')
);

$period->from->toIso8601(); # 2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00
$period->to->toIso8601();   # 2026-02-17T11:00:00+00:00

The start must be strictly before the end:

Period::from(from: $later, to: $earlier); # throws InvalidPeriod

Creating from a start and duration

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Period;

$period = Period::startingAt(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00'),
    duration: Duration::fromMinutes(minutes: 90)
);

$period->from->toIso8601(); # 2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00
$period->to->toIso8601();   # 2026-02-17T11:30:00+00:00

Getting the duration

$period->duration()->toSeconds(); # 5400
$period->duration()->toMinutes(); # 90

Checking if an instant is contained

The check is inclusive at the start and exclusive at the end:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$period->contains(instant: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00')); # true (start, inclusive)
$period->contains(instant: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00')); # true (middle)
$period->contains(instant: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T11:30:00+00:00')); # false (end, exclusive)

Detecting overlap

Two half-open intervals [A, B) and [C, D) overlap when A < D and C < B:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Period;

$periodA = Period::startingAt(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00'),
    duration: Duration::fromHours(hours: 1)
);
$periodB = Period::startingAt(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00'),
    duration: Duration::fromHours(hours: 1)
);

$periodA->overlapsWith(other: $periodB); # true
$periodB->overlapsWith(other: $periodA); # true

Adjacent periods do not overlap:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Duration;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Period;

$first = Period::startingAt(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:00:00+00:00'),
    duration: Duration::fromHours(hours: 1)
);
$second = Period::startingAt(
    from: Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T11:00:00+00:00'),
    duration: Duration::fromHours(hours: 1)
);

$first->overlapsWith(other: $second); # false

DayOfWeek

A DayOfWeek represents a day of the week following ISO 8601, where Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.

Deriving from an Instant

use TinyBlocks\Time\DayOfWeek;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T10:30:00+00:00');
$day = DayOfWeek::fromInstant(instant: $instant);

$day;        # DayOfWeek::Tuesday
$day->value; # 2

Checking weekday or weekend

use TinyBlocks\Time\DayOfWeek;

DayOfWeek::Monday->isWeekday();   # true
DayOfWeek::Monday->isWeekend();   # false
DayOfWeek::Saturday->isWeekday(); # false
DayOfWeek::Saturday->isWeekend(); # true

TimeOfDay

A TimeOfDay represents a time of day (hour and minute) without date or timezone context. Values range from 00:00 to 23:59.

Creating from components

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$time = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 8, minute: 30);

$time->hour;   # 8
$time->minute; # 30

Creating from a string

Parses a string in HH:MM format:

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$time = TimeOfDay::fromString(value: '14:30');

$time->hour;   # 14
$time->minute; # 30

Deriving from an Instant

Extracts the time of day from an Instant in UTC:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Instant;
use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$instant = Instant::fromString(value: '2026-02-17T14:30:00+00:00');
$time = TimeOfDay::fromInstant(instant: $instant);

$time->hour;   # 14
$time->minute; # 30

Named constructors

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$midnight = TimeOfDay::midnight(); # 00:00
$noon = TimeOfDay::noon();         # 12:00

Comparing times

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$morning = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 8, minute: 0);
$afternoon = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 14, minute: 30);

$morning->isBefore(other: $afternoon);        # true
$morning->isAfter(other: $afternoon);         # false
$morning->isBeforeOrEqual(other: $afternoon); # true
$afternoon->isAfterOrEqual(other: $morning);  # true

Measuring distance between times

Returns the Duration between two times. The second time must be after the first:

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$start = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 8, minute: 0);
$end = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 12, minute: 30);

$duration = $start->durationUntil(other: $end);

$duration->toMinutes(); # 270

Converting to other representations

use TinyBlocks\Time\TimeOfDay;

$time = TimeOfDay::from(hour: 8, minute: 30);

$time->toMinutesSinceMidnight();  # 510
$time->toDuration()->toSeconds(); # 30600
$time->toString();                # 08:30

Timezone

A Timezone is a Value Object representing a single valid IANA timezone identifier.

Creating from an identifier

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezone;

$timezone = Timezone::from(identifier: 'America/Sao_Paulo');

$timezone->value;      # America/Sao_Paulo
$timezone->toString(); # America/Sao_Paulo

Creating a UTC timezone

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezone;

$timezone = Timezone::utc();

$timezone->value; # UTC

Converting to DateTimeZone

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezone;

$timezone = Timezone::from(identifier: 'Asia/Tokyo');
$dateTimeZone = $timezone->toDateTimeZone();

$dateTimeZone->getName(); # Asia/Tokyo

Timezones

An immutable collection of Timezone objects.

Creating from objects

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezone;
use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::from(
    Timezone::from(identifier: 'America/Sao_Paulo'),
    Timezone::from(identifier: 'America/New_York'),
    Timezone::from(identifier: 'Asia/Tokyo')
);

$timezones->count(); # 3

Creating from strings

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::fromStrings('UTC', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'Europe/London');

$timezones->count();     # 3
$timezones->toStrings(); # ["UTC", "America/Sao_Paulo", "Europe/London"]

Getting all timezones

Returns all Timezone objects in the collection:

$timezones->all(); # [Timezone("UTC"), Timezone("America/Sao_Paulo"), Timezone("Europe/London")]

Finding a timezone by identifier

Searches for a specific IANA identifier within the collection. Returns null if not found.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::fromStrings('UTC', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'Asia/Tokyo');

$timezones->findByIdentifier(iana: 'Asia/Tokyo');    # Timezone("Asia/Tokyo")
$timezones->findByIdentifier(iana: 'Europe/London'); # null

Finding a timezone by identifier with UTC fallback

Searches for a specific IANA identifier within the collection. Returns UTC if not found.

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::fromStrings('UTC', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'Asia/Tokyo');

$timezones->findByIdentifierOrUtc(iana: 'Asia/Tokyo');    # Timezone("Asia/Tokyo")
$timezones->findByIdentifierOrUtc(iana: 'Europe/London'); # Timezone("UTC")

Checking if a timezone exists in the collection

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::fromStrings('America/Sao_Paulo', 'Asia/Tokyo');

$timezones->contains(iana: 'Asia/Tokyo');       # true
$timezones->contains(iana: 'America/New_York'); # false

Getting all identifiers as strings

Returns all timezone identifiers as plain strings:

use TinyBlocks\Time\Timezones;

$timezones = Timezones::fromStrings('UTC', 'America/Sao_Paulo', 'Europe/London');

$timezones->toStrings(); # ["UTC", "America/Sao_Paulo", "Europe/London"]

License

Time is licensed under MIT.

Contributing

Please follow the contributing guidelines to contribute to the project.